Table 1 Recently identified plant biomass-degrading enzymes through metagenomic approaches (metagenome libraries screening for enzyme activity)
From: Bioprospecting metagenomes: glycosyl hydrolases for converting biomass
Enzyme name | Metagenome DNA source | Library vector | Insert size | Number of clones screened | Positive clones | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agarase | Soil from an unplanted field | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,523 | 12 clones (belong to six genes) | [34] |
Amylase | Environmental (US patent number 5,958,672) | Lambda | Â | 50,000 | 15 clones (belong to three enzymes) | [33] |
Amylase | Soil from an unplanted field | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,523 | 1 clone | [34] |
Amylase | Soil from the junction of the groundwater table | Plasmid | 2–7 kb | 30,000 | 1 clone | [35] |
Amylase | Soil and compost from the surface layer of a private garden | Plasmid | 1.4–6.5 kb | 31,967 | 38 clones | [36] |
Cellulase | Various lake water samples from East Africa | Lambda | 2–10 kb | 114,000 | 4 clones | [38] |
Cellulase | Soil from an unplanted field | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,523 | 1 clone | |
Cellulase | Soda lake sediments from Wadi el Natrun, Egypt | Lambda | 2.0–5.5 kb | 35,000 | 1 clone | [19] |
Cellulase | A soda lake (Wadi el Natrun, Egypt) alkaline microcrystalline cellulose medium enrichment | Lambda | 2–6 kb | 37,000 | 1 clone | [19] |
Cellulase | Rabbit cecum contents | Cosmid | 22–47 kb | 32,500 | 11 clones (representing six genes) | [39] |
Chitinase | Coastal seawater outside the Delaware Bay | Lambda | 1.8–4.2 kb | 75,000 | 2 clones | [40] |
Chitinase | Estuarine water inside the Delaware Bay | Lambda | 5.0–6.1 kb | 75,000 | 9 clones | [40] |
Cyclodextrinase | Bovine rumen micro flora | Lambda | Average 5.5 kb | 14,000 | 1 clone | [45] |
Endo-β-1,4- glucanase | Bovine rumen micro flora | Lambda | Average 5.5 kb | 14,000 | 9 clones | [45] |
Esterase | Various lake water samples from East Africa | Lambda | 2–10 kb | 130,000 | 2 clones | [38] |
Esterase | Bovine rumen micro flora | Lambda | Average 5.5 kb | 14,000 | 12 clones | [45] |
Esterase | Crude oil springs contaminated soil | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 2,500 | 1 clone | [43] |
Esterase | Biofilms growing with a drinking water network | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,600 | 1 clone | [43] |
Esterase | Pools of various environmental soils | Fosmid | 30–40 kb | 60,000 | 1 clone | [44] |
Pectate lyase | Soil from an unplanted field | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,523 | 2 clones | [34] |
Xylanase | Insect gut (insects collected from various locations) | Lambda | 3–6 kb | 1,000,000 | 4 clones | [41] |
Xylanase | Manure waste water from a dairy farm | Lambda | 4–10 kb | 5,000,000 | 1 clone | [42] |
1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme | Soil from an unplanted field | Cosmid | 25–40 kb | 1,523 | 1 clone | [34] |