The greenhouse gas emissions performance of cellulosic ethanol supply chains in Europe

Table 1 Emission assumptions for transportation and size reduction operations.

Operation	Biomass form	Average Carbon Emissions from fossil fuel kgCO₂e.odt^-1
Transport from roadside	Softwood logs^a	4.6
	Softwood chips^b	7.2
	Softwood bundles^b	7.2
	Straw bales^b	6.6
Size reduction^c	Softwood (all forms)	8.5

These values were used to normalise feedstock emission estimates.
^aEstimated emissions from fuel consumption assuming a 107 km trip – the average transport distance for logs in Sweden [24, 25]. ^bEstimated emissions from fuel consumption assuming 50 km trip [26]. ^cHammermill – 12 month operation window [27].

ISSN: 2731-3654