Table 1 Pretreatment conditions and yields.
Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reactor | VR | SE | SE | HR | HR |
Acid concentration* | 48 | 7.25 | 7.25 | 4.5 | 2.5 |
pH | 1.3 | 1.6 to 2.7†| 1.6 to 2.2†| 2.2 | 2.3 |
Reactor Temperature | 190°C | 170°C | 150°C | 150°C | 150°C |
Residence time | 1 min | 30 min | 30 min | 3 to 5 min‡ | 2 to 4 min‡ |
Combined Severity§ | 1.3 | 0.8 to 1.9 | 0.8 to 1.3 | -0.2 to 0 | -0.5 to -0.2 |
Xylan removed | 88.9% | 88.9% | 86.7% | 83.1% | 19.6% |
Monomeric xylan Yield | 72.1% | 69.6% | 61.3% | 53.4% | 2.1% |
Total xylan yield | 81.4% | 79.2% | 83.4% | 79.9% | 19.1% |
Furfural yield | 9.7% | 9.7% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 0.5% |
Cellulose content | 59.1% | 62.9% | 59.1% | 57.0% | 42.2% |