Table 2 Average transport cost assumptions for feedstock price normalisation
From: The commercial performance of cellulosic ethanol supply-chains in Europe
Operation | Country of origin | Biomass form | Average cost 2005US$ odt-1 | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transport | Sweden | Logs | 11.6 | Average Scandinavian transport cost assuming 107 km trip | [12] |
UK | Logs | 21.7 | Average UK transport cost assuming 107 km trip | Â | |
UK/Sweden | Chips | 14.0 | Average transport cost assuming 50 km trip | [22] | |
International | Chips | 25.0 | 1500 km trip – non-dedicated ship |  | |
| Â | Bundles | 44.3 | Â | Â | |
|  | Logs | 47.7 | 10,000 km trip – non-dedicated ship |  | |
UK | Bales (straw) | 14.9 | Average transport cost assuming 50 km trip | [13] | |
Size reduction | UK Sweden | All | 3.7 | Hammermill – 12 month operation window | [22] |