The commercial performance of cellulosic ethanol supply-chains in Europe

Table 3 Normalised feedstock cost estimates

Feedstock (delivered to the plant as chips/bales)	Cost (₂₀₀₅US$ odt^-1)
	Low	Mid	High
Softwood^a	51.5	74.5	107.7
Straw	66.1	100.9	153.9

^aMid-point is equal to geometric mean of pulplog and forest residue costs only. The geometric mean was chosen because plotting a histogram of estimates indicated a log normal distribution.

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