Biodetoxification of toxins generated from lignocellulose pretreatment using a newly isolated fungus, Amorphotheca resinae ZN1, and the consequent ethanol fermentation

Table 2 Glucose yield and toxins derived from the pretreated CS detoxified by the three isolates^a

Fungal strains	Acetic acid (g/L)	Levulinic acid (g/L)	Furfural (g/L)	HMF (g/L)	Glucose yield (%)
Control	2.5 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.0	21.4 ± 0.8
ZN1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0	0	32.9 ± 1.2
ZN2	1.8 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.0	27.6 ± 1.3
ZN3	1.4 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	28.8 ± 1.0

^aBiodetoxification was carried out in flasks at 25°C for 4 days in the static incubator. Enzymatic hydrolysis: 10% (wt/wt) solid loading, 15.0 FPU/g dry solid matter (DM) enzyme dosage, 50°C, 150 rpm in the water bath shaking incubator for 12 h. HMF, 5-hydromethylfurfural. FPU, unit of filter paper cellulase.