Figure 5From: Impact of pretreatment and downstream processing technologies on economics and energy in cellulosic ethanol productionCapital cost for ethanol production from grass straw using different pretreatment processes. Figure shows the capital cost (direct fixed cost) per liter of ethanol. Figure also illustrates the breakdown of installed equipment cost and other costs. Other includes piping, electrical, insulation, design work, and buildings and construction, engineering costs, contractors' fees and contingency.Back to article page