Figure 1From: Rapid analysis of formic acid, acetic acid, and furfural in pretreated wheat straw hydrolysates and ethanol in a bioethanol fermentation using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometryNormalised average headspace signal intensities for formic acid, acetic acid and furfural as a function of pH (in phosphate buffer). Data are normalised to the maximum signal intensity observed for each compound. Each value is the mean of three replicate measurements, and from this the percentage coefficient of variance (%CV = (standard deviation ÷ mean) × 100) for each compound was calculated as formic acid (17.8%), acetic acid (12.5%) and furfural (4.4%).Back to article page