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Figure 4 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Figure 4

From: Bioconversion of paper sludge to biofuel by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a cellulase of paper sludge origin and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiaeTJ14

Figure 4

Comparison of glucose and reducing sugars (RS) (A), dry cell weight (DCW) (B), ethanol concentration and ethanol yields, Y e/hex or Y e/glc , (C) and remaining cellulase activity (D) in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). A total of 50 g/l paper sludge organic material (PSOM) and 15 FPU/g PSOM were used for ethanol production. In the case of SHF the saccharification was stopped at 60 h (arrow) and initiated ethanol production by inoculation of 10% preculture of S. cerevisiae TJ14. Symbols in (A): closed triangles = RS of SHF; open triangles = glucose of SHF; closed circles = RS of SSF; open circles = glucose of SSF. Symbols in (B): open circles = DCW of SSF; open triangles = DCW of SHF. Symbols in (C): open circles = ethanol of SSF; open triangles = ethanol of SHF; closed circles = Ye/hex of SSF; closed triangles = Ye/glc of SHF. Symbols in (D): closed circle = cellulase activity in SSF; closed triangles = cellulase activity in SHF. Solid and dotted lines denote SSF and SHF, respectively. Error bars in (A) and (B) denote 5% error of three repeated experiments.

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