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Table 1 Chemical composition of representative paper sludge (PS) ash [13]

From: Bioconversion of paper sludge to biofuel by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a cellulase of paper sludge origin and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiaeTJ14

Ash

Composition (% w/w)

SiO2

35.7

TiO2

1.2

Al2O3

26

FeOa

0.4

MnO

0

MgO

8

CaO

25.7

Na2O

0.1

K2O

0.1

  1. aTotal iron as FeO.