Table 4 Comparison of crystallinity index measured by XRD and NMR for cellulose samples obtained using aqueous NaOH and liquid ammonia treatments
Cellulose samples | Treatment conditions | Crystallinity index (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | XRD | NMR |
Avicel | Control | 74 | 84 | |
|  | NaOH | 25°C | 53 | 74 |
|  | NH3 | 25°C | 54 | 54 |
|  |  | 130°C | 74 | 67 |
α-cellulose | Control | 58 | 66 | |
|  | NaOH | 25°C | 49 | 66 |
|  | NH3 | 25°C | 55 | 53 |
|  |  | 130°C | 64 | 63 |
Cotton linters | Control | 73 | 82 | |
|  | NaOH | 25°C | 44 | 66 |
|  | NH3 | 25°C | 52 | 62 |
|  |  | 130°C | 76 | 75 |
Corn stover | Control | 50 | 65 | |
|  | NaOH | 25°C | 44 | 60 |
|  | NH3 | 25°C | 51 | 50 |
|  |  | 130°C | 68 | 69 |