Table 1 Biomass composition and calorific values of different feedstocks^a

Tobacco^b

Nicotiana benthamiana

Stem

13.6

31.1

7.0

16.3

Tobacco^c

N. tabaccum

Stem

17.4 to 21.0

26.0 to 30.9

15.0 to 30.0

[16–18]

Arabidopsis ^b

Arabidopsis thaliana

Stem

22.5

29.7

8.3

15.9

Arabidopsis ^c

Arabidopsis thaliana

Stem

11.5 to 20.0

29.0 to 35.0

13.4

[19–21]

Switchgrass^b

Panicum virgatum

Aerial

29.4

35.7

3.5

16.2

Switchgrass^c

P. virgatum

Aerial

15.0 to 29.8

33.5 to 46.1

4.6 to 5.7

[22–25]

Eastern cottonwood^b

Populus deltoides

Stem

31.5

32.7

2.6

17.6

Eastern cottonwood^c

P. deltoides

Aerial

19.8 to 25.6

42.2 to 55.8

1.0

[22, 26, 27]

Black cottonwood^b

Populus trichocarpa

Stem

32.1

41.4

2.7

17.3

Black cottonwood^c

P. trichocarpa

Aerial

25.2 to 28.9

40.3 to 45.0

1.7 to 2.0

[22, 28, 29]

Olive (DE)^b

Olea europaea

Stone

39.0

33.7

1.2

19.4

Olive (DE)^c

O. europaea

Stone

20.6 to 26.5

29.8 to 34.4

0.01 to 0.7

[20, 30]

Eastern black walnut (DE)^b

Juglans nigra

Shell

40.4

28.2

1.4

17.9

Black walnut (DE)^c

J. spp.

Shell

18.6 to 28.5

54.0 to 60.2

0.6 to 1.1

[31]

Peach (DE)^b

Prunus persica

Stone

41.6

25.6

2.9

20.5

Peach (DE)^c

P. persica

Stone

40.0 to 50.0

0.4 (FW)

0.7

[17, 32–34]

Coconut (DE)^b

Cocus nucifera

Shell

44.0

29.7

0.5

19.8

Coconut (DE)^c

C. nucifera

Shell

27.2 to 50.0

14.0 to 33.5

0.5 to 2.7

[35–37]