|
Common name
|
Scientific name
|
Ontology
|
Total lignin (%)
|
Cellulose (%)
|
Ash (%)
|
Calorific value (MJ/kg)
|
Reference
|
|---|
|
Tobaccob
|
Nicotiana benthamiana
|
Stem
|
13.6
|
31.1
|
7.0
|
16.3
| |
|
Tobaccoc
|
N. tabaccum
|
Stem
|
17.4 to 21.0
|
26.0 to 30.9
|
15.0 to 30.0
| |
[16–18]
|
|
Arabidopsis
b
|
Arabidopsis thaliana
|
Stem
|
22.5
|
29.7
|
8.3
|
15.9
| |
|
Arabidopsis
c
|
Arabidopsis thaliana
|
Stem
|
11.5 to 20.0
|
29.0 to 35.0
|
13.4
| |
[19–21]
|
|
Switchgrassb
|
Panicum virgatum
|
Aerial
|
29.4
|
35.7
|
3.5
|
16.2
| |
|
Switchgrassc
|
P. virgatum
|
Aerial
|
15.0 to 29.8
|
33.5 to 46.1
|
4.6 to 5.7
| |
[22–25]
|
|
Eastern cottonwoodb
|
Populus deltoides
|
Stem
|
31.5
|
32.7
|
2.6
|
17.6
| |
|
Eastern cottonwoodc
|
P. deltoides
|
Aerial
|
19.8 to 25.6
|
42.2 to 55.8
|
1.0
| |
[22, 26, 27]
|
|
Black cottonwoodb
|
Populus trichocarpa
|
Stem
|
32.1
|
41.4
|
2.7
|
17.3
| |
|
Black cottonwoodc
|
P. trichocarpa
|
Aerial
|
25.2 to 28.9
|
40.3 to 45.0
|
1.7 to 2.0
| |
[22, 28, 29]
|
|
Olive (DE)b
|
Olea europaea
|
Stone
|
39.0
|
33.7
|
1.2
|
19.4
| |
|
Olive (DE)c
|
O. europaea
|
Stone
|
20.6 to 26.5
|
29.8 to 34.4
|
0.01 to 0.7
| |
[20, 30]
|
|
Eastern black walnut (DE)b
|
Juglans nigra
|
Shell
|
40.4
|
28.2
|
1.4
|
17.9
| |
|
Black walnut (DE)c
|
J. spp.
|
Shell
|
18.6 to 28.5
|
54.0 to 60.2
|
0.6 to 1.1
| |
[31]
|
|
Peach (DE)b
|
Prunus persica
|
Stone
|
41.6
|
25.6
|
2.9
|
20.5
| |
|
Peach (DE)c
|
P. persica
|
Stone
|
40.0 to 50.0
|
0.4 (FW)
|
0.7
| |
[17, 32–34]
|
|
Coconut (DE)b
|
Cocus nucifera
|
Shell
|
44.0
|
29.7
|
0.5
|
19.8
| |
|
Coconut (DE)c
|
C. nucifera
|
Shell
|
27.2 to 50.0
|
14.0 to 33.5
|
0.5 to 2.7
| |
[35–37]
|
- DE = drupe endocarp biomass; FW = biomass fresh weight; total lignin = acid-soluble lignin + acid-insoluble lignin. aBiomass composition was analyzed to identify high-lignin feedstocks. Biomass analysis was based on the dry weight of the samples. Among the different feedstocks analyzed in this study, agricultural by-products (drupe endocarps) showed high lignin content. bData from this study. cData from the literature.
