Evolutionary engineering strategies to enhance tolerance of xylose utilizing recombinant yeast to inhibitors derived from spruce biomass

Table 3 Physiological characterization: Anaerobic fermentation in spruce hydrolysate

Strain	μ_max	Y_X/S	Y_E/S	Y_gly/S	r_sugars*	r_E	r_HMF	r_fur
TMB3400	0.07±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.40±0.02	0.05±0.01	1.09±0.17	0.44±0.07	0.08±0.00	0.07±0.01
RK60-5	0.10±0.01	0.07±0.00	0.44±0.00	0.04±0.00	1.50±0.01	0.66±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.08±0.01
RKU90-3	0.10±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.43±0.01	0.04±0.01	1.49±0.01	0.63±0.01	0.07±0.00	0.08±0.00
KE1-5	0.07±0.00	0.07±0.01	0.44±0.02	0.03±0.01	1.07±0.20	0.47±0.11	0.08±0.01	0.07±0.01
KE1-17	0.08±0.00	0.06±0.00	0.43±0.00	0.02±0.00	1.36±0.09	0.58±0.03	0.09±0.01	0.11±0.00

The maximum specific growth rate (μ_max) is represented in h^-1. The specific consumption rate of sugars (r _sugars), specific conversion rate of HMF (r _HMF), furfural (r _fur) and specific ethanol productivity (r _E) are represented in g g cell dry weight^-1 h^-1. The yield of biomass (Y _X/S), ethanol (Y _E/S) and glycerol (Y _gly/S) are represented in g g consumed sugars^-1. All values are calculated during the exponential phase identified by natural logarithm of biomass and culture time. The values are average from duplicate experiments and ± indicates deviation from the mean. ^*Specific consumption rate of glucose and mannose, since during the exponential phase glucose and mannose are co-consumed.