Figure 12

Fermentation profile of the three new hybrid strains in semi-anaerobic batch fermentation with acid-pretreated spruce hydrolysate. The fermentation was performed with acid-pretreated spruce hydrolysate at a solid loading of 11%, supplemented with yeast nitrogen base, ammonium sulfate and amino acids. The final glucose and D-xylose concentrations were adjusted to 62 g/L and 18 g/L, respectively. The mannose was only derived from the hydrolysate. Fermentation was started at an initial density of 4 g DW/L and carried out with continuous stirring at 200 rpm.