Figure 4

Tolerance assay of lignocellulose pretreatment’s toxins. Toxin tolerance assays were conducted with different concentrations of (a.) furfural, (b.) hydroxymethylfurfural, and (c.) nickel. The OD₆₀₀ values of engineered E. coli strains cultured in PYG medium were also measured. The relative growth rates were compared with the strain controls cultured in PYG medium without toxins.