Clostridium thermocellum transcriptomic profiles after exposure to furfural or heat stress

Table 1 C. thermocellum cellobiose consumption and fermentation products across each 120 min treatment period

Growth condition	Cellobiose consumed* g.L^-1	Acetate produced* g.L^-1	Ethanol produced* g.L^-1	Lactate produced* g.L^-1	% Carbon recovery†
Across the stress period (0–120 min post stress application)
Heat Stress Fermentation	1.26 (±0.39)	0.18 (±0.04)	0.06 (±0.18)	0.014 (±0.006)	30.7
Furfural Stress Fermentation	0.48 (±0.12)	0.18 (±0.01)	−0.04 (±0.004)	0.30 (±0.010)	97.7
Control Fermentation	1.35 (±0.62)	0.29 (±0.13)	0.12 (±0.04)	0.008 (±0.005)	47.0
Across the whole experiment (post inoculation to 120 min post stress application)
Control Fermentation	3.02 (±0.15)	0.47 (±0.12)	0.20 (±0.01)	0.02 (±0.003)	35.02

*Values are the mean of duplicate fermentations and the standard error of the mean given in parentheses.
†Percentage carbon recovery was calculated using the following equation $R_{C 2 + C 3}^{C} = \frac{3 \times ([A] + [E] + [L])}{6 \times ([S_{o} - S_{f}])}$ as described in [19, 49] where $R_{C 2 + C 3}^{C}$ is the carbon recovered from the C2 and C3 fermentation products. [A], [E], and [L] are the molar concentrations of acetate [A], ethanol [E], and lactate [L]. The factor of 3 in the numerator accounts for the expected formation of 1 mole of CO₂ and/or formate produced per mole of ethanol and acetate as previously described [19]. [S_o] is the initial substrate concentration and [S_f] is the final substrate concentration.

ISSN: 2731-3654