Skip to main content

Table 3 Cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) before and after DA and hydrothermal pretreatments for different substrates

From: Assessing the molecular structure basis for biomass recalcitrance during dilute acid and hydrothermal pretreatments

Substrate

Pretreatment conditions

CrI (%) before pretreatment

CrI (%) after pretreatment

Reference

Rice straw

DA pretreatment: 1% H2SO4, 180°C, 4 min

57.0a

65.0a

[84]

Poplar

DA pretreatment: 2% H2SO4, 190°C, 70 s

49.9a

50.6a

[32]

Corn stover

DA pretreatment: 3% H2SO4, 180°C, 90 s

50.3a

52.5a

[32]

Loblolly pine

DA pretreatment: 1st stage: 0.5% H2SO4, 180°C, 10 min; 2nd stage: 1.0% H2SO4, 200°C, 2 min.

62.5b

69.9b

[22]

Switchgrass

DA pretreatment: 5% H2SO4, 190°C, 1 min

44.0b

52.0b

[85]

Poplar

Hydrothermal pretreatment: 200°C, 10 min

49.9a

54.0a

[32]

Tamarix ramosissima

Hydrothermal pretreatment: 180°C, 9 min

41.0a

51.4a

[86]

Costal Bermuda grass

Hydrothermal pretreatment: 170°C, 60 min

50.2a

69.4a

[87]

  1. a: CrI was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method[88].
  2. b: CrI was measured by solid-state NMR technique[89].