Bacteriophage-encoded lytic enzymes control growth of contaminating Lactobacillus found in fuel ethanol fermentations

Table 1 Activity of LysA, LysA2, LysgaY and λSa2 endolysin against lactic acid bacteria as determined by turbidity (OD _600nm ) reduction analysis

	Activity^a
Strain	LysA	LysA2	LysgaY	λSa2	Strain Source
Gram positive
Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4540	-	++	++	++	NRRL^b
Lactobacillus brevis 0605-48	++	++	++	++	this study ^c
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp delbrueckii B-763	-	-	+	+	NRRL
Lactobacillus fermentum BRO315-1	++	+	+	++	this study
Lactobacillus fermentum BRO315-25	++	+	+	+++	this study
Lactobacillus fermentum 0605-B44	+++	+	+	+++	this study
Lactobacillus fermentum 0713-3	+++	+	+	+++	this study
Lactobacillus gasseri B-4240	+++	+	+	+++	NRRL
Lactobacillus hilgardii B-1843	-	-	-	-	NRRL
Lactobacillus malefermentans B-1861	-	-	-	++	NRRL
Lactobacillus paracasei BRO315-44	-	-	-	-	this study
Lactobacillus reuteri B-14171	++	+	++	+	NRRL
Staphylococcus aureus Newman	+	-	+	+++	Jean C. Lee^d
Staphylococcus epidermidis	+	-	++	+++	USDA
Staphylococcus hyicus	-	-	-	+	USDA
Staphylococcus warneri	+	-	+	+++	USDA
Staphylococcus xylocus	++	-	++	+++	USDA
Streptococcus agalactiae	++	-	++	+++	David Pritchard^e
Streptococcus dysgalactiae	++	-	++	+++	USDA
Streptococcus pyogenes	+	-	+	+++	Dan Nelson^f
Streptococcus suis 531-668	+++	-	+++	+++	Dan Nelson^f
Weisella viridescens B-1951	-	-	+	+++	NRRL
Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-2034	-	-	-	-	NRRL
Gram negative
Escherichia coli DH5α	-	-	-	-	Invitrogen

a As measured by OD_600nm, decrease of whole cell suspensions (initial OD_600nm = ~1) treated with lysin (10μM) for 30 min. “+++” between 100% and 75% decrease, “++” between 74% and 50% decrease, “+” less than 49% decrease, “−“no decrease, with respect to no lysin control.
b ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL (also known as the NRRL Collection).
c Isolated from fermentors at a commercial dry-grind ethanol facility as described previously [6]. L. fermentum BR0315-1, BR0315-25, and 0713–3 were planktonic isolates, and their MICs for virginiamycin are 16 μg/ml, ≤2 μg/ml, and ≤2 μg/ml, respectively. L. fermentum 0605-B44 was a biofilm isolate from coupon scrapings of a Centers for Disease Control biofilm reactor inoculated with a mash sample from the fermentor.
d Channing Lab, Womens and Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA.
e Dept. Biochemistry, Medical School, Univ. Alabama, Birmingham.
f Department of Veterinary Medicine, UMD, College Park MD.

ISSN: 2731-3654