Figure 5

Investigation of electric pulse parameters on the electrotransformation of C. pasteurianum . A. Effect of pulse voltage (field strength). Electrotransformation efficiency was measured using electric pulses of 1.6, 1.8, or 2.0 kV, corresponding to field strengths of 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 kV cm^-1. The time constant of each pulse is shown (ο). B. Effect of pulse capacitance. Electrotransformation efficiency was measured at 25 (light shading) and 50 μF (dark shading) under voltages of 1.8 and 2.25 kV. The time constant of each pulse is shown (ο). C. Effect of pulse resistance. Electrotransformation efficiency was measured at 200, 600, and ∞ Ω at a voltage of 2.25 kV. The time constant of each pulse is shown (ο).