Figure 1
From: Bioethanol from poplar: a commercially viable alternative to fossil fuel in the European Union
Net production MESPs and cost breakdown for bioethanol from SRC poplar by LHW (pattern) and DA (white) pretreatment processes in five European countries. (a) MESPs reflect final cost in each country after inclusion of credits from electricity generation. (b) MESP cost breakdowns are averaged from five countries. Error bars represent standard error for the five countries. Negative bars in combustion/turbogeneration reflect negative cost (profit) gained from electricity (after plant demand is satisfied). (MESP, Minimum ethanol selling price; SRC, short-rotation coppice; LHW, Liquid hot water; DA, dilute acid).