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Figure 4 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Figure 4

From: Indirect land use changes of biofuel production – a review of modelling efforts and policy developments in the European Union

Figure 4

Estimates of total GHG emissions for biodiesel fuels. Black bars show scientific estimates and include direct emissions as default values established in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), and indirect land use change (ILUC) factors from the modelling exercises presented in Figure 2. Dashed black lines show policy estimates and include direct emissions as default values established in the RED and FQD and indirect emissions as estimated in [24].

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