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Table 1 Pretreatment conditions, corresponding solids compositions, and component removals for pretreatment of corn stover by dilute acid (DA), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), and ionic liquid (IL)
| Pretreatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | DA | AFEX | IL | |
| Pretreatment conditions | ||||
| Chemicals | NA | Dilute sulfuric acid | Anhydrous ammonia | 1-ethyl‒3‒methyl‒imidazoliumacetate |
| Loadings | NA | 0.5% wt | 1:1 (Biomass: NH3) | 1:9 (Biomass: IL) |
| L/S ratio | NA | 9:1 | 1:1 | 9:1 |
| Temperature (°C) | NA | 160 | 140 | 140 |
| Time (min) | NA | 20 | 15 | 180 |
| Component (%) | ||||
| Glucan | 33.4 | 59.1 | 33.5 | 46.9 |
| Xylan | 24.9 | 6.5 | 24.8 | 29.8 |
| Arabinan | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 0.3 |
| Lignin (AIL) | 17.2 | 32.2 | 12.2 | 2.7 |
| Component removal (%)* | ||||
| Solid | 51.0 | 0 | 36.0 | |
| Xylan | - | 87.0 | 0.4 | 23.4 |
| Lignin | - | 8.2 | 2.8 | 89.9 |
