Table 1 Pretreatment conditions used to pretreat biomass using different methods
Method | Pretreatment | Post-wash | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | Residence time (minutes) | Catalyst type | Catalyst loading (kg)a | Catalyst recyclable? | Water loading (kg)b | Post-wash water use (kg)b | Water temperature (°C) | |
DA | 160 | 20 | Sulfuric acid | 4.5 | No | 895.5 | 1,000 | Room temperature |
IL | 140 | 180 | IL [C2mim][OAc] | 900 | Yes | N/R | 10,000 | Room temperature |
AFEX | 140 | 15 | Anhydrous ammonia | 100 | Yes | 60 | N/R | - |