Biomass
|
Grass
|
Grass silage
|
---|
HTT temperature
|
170
|
180
|
190
|
170
|
180
|
190
|
---|
|
(w/w)% of DM
|
(w/w)% of DM
|
---|
Glucose
|
9.7a
|
10.5a
|
10.1a
|
1.8c
|
2.4b
|
2.3b
|
Xylose
|
3.8f
|
8.4d
|
17.2a
|
5.8e
|
12.4c
|
14.9b
|
Galactose
|
1.4d
|
2.1b
|
2.6a
|
1.4d
|
2.0b
|
1.7c
|
Arabinose
|
2.1d
|
3.1b
|
3.8a
|
2.5c
|
2.9b
|
2.4c
|
Fructose
|
3.0a
|
2.9a
|
2.0b
|
0.5c
|
0.6c
|
0.3d
|
Total sugars
|
20.0
|
27.1
|
35.7
|
12.1
|
20.3
|
21.7
|
Lactic acid
|
0.10b
|
0.39b
|
0.22b
|
11.51a
|
11.97a
|
11.27a
|
Formic acid
|
0.83d
|
0.98c
|
1.25b
|
2.31a
|
2.35a
|
2.51a
|
Acetic acid
|
1.24d
|
1.81c
|
2.67b
|
2.90b
|
3.28ab
|
3.69a
|
Malic acid
|
3.15c
|
3.64b
|
4.16a
|
0.00d
|
0.00d
|
0.00d
|
Propionic acid
|
0.21d
|
0.27c
|
0.40a
|
0.33b
|
0.38a
|
0.40a
|
Total organic acids
|
5.5
|
7.1
|
8.7
|
17.1
|
18.0
|
17.9
|
Solubilized DM
|
24.7
|
30.4
|
38.4
|
32.5
|
38.5
|
41.2
|
- HTT temperatures shown in °C. Numbers are presented as weight percentages of solubilized DM, ‘Solubilized DM’ is the percentage of DM solubilized during HTT pretreatment, based on mass balance after HTT pretreatment. Different superscript letters a,b,c,d indicate significantly different values (P <0.05) row-wise. DM, dry matter; HTT, hydrothermal treatment.