Pretreatment | Composition (%)a | Solid yield (%)b | Removal yield (%)c | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Cellulose | Hemicellulose | Lignin |  | Cellulose | Hemicellulose | Lignin |
Untreated | 42.6 ± 1.2 | 28.8 ± 0.3 | 20.7 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | - |
Alkaline pretreatment | 68.3 ± 1.5 | 21.4 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 58.7 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 56.2 ± 1.8 | 73.1 ± 3.3 |
Acid pretreatment | 55.2 ± 0.9 | 22.8 ± 0.7 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 69.2 ± 2.6 | 10.5 ± 0.8 | 45.4 ± 1.1 | 32.3 ± 1.0 |
Fungal pretreatment | 47.7 ± 0.8 | 31.3 ± 1.5 | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 86.2 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.09 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 35.3 ± 2.1 |