Table 1 Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of S. stipitis PAR, POP and C ₄ in bioreactor cultivations with 60% non-detoxified HSSL

μ _max (h⁻¹)

0.037

0.037

0.067

Lag phase (h)

12

10

10

Batch duration (h)

61

62

91

Final biomass (g.L⁻¹)

1.45 ± 0.08

3.75 ± 0.14

3.57 ± 0.13

Final CFU (cells.mL⁻¹)

7.8 × 10⁷ ± 6.0 × 10⁶

3.5 × 10⁸ ± 3.0 × 10⁷

2.4 × 10⁸ ± 5.8 × 10⁷

Final xylose consumed (g.L⁻¹)

6.1

20.7

20.4

r _xylose (g.L⁻¹.h⁻¹)

0.10

0.33

0.22

r _glucose (g.L⁻¹.h⁻¹)

0.10

0.13

0.10

r _{acetic acid} (g.L⁻¹.h⁻¹)

0.003

0.050

0.050

r _ethanol (g.L⁻¹.h⁻¹)

0.02

0.11

0.05

[EtOH]_max (g.L⁻¹)

1.76

6.93

4.60

Y _ethanol (g.g⁻¹)^a

0.13

0.26

0.16

Conversion efficiency (%)^a

26

51

32