Figure 1From: The difference in effective light penetration may explain the superiority in photosynthetic efficiency of attached cultivation over the conventional open pond for microalgae The schematic diagrams of the photobioreactors for attached cultivation. (A) The schematic diagram for the multiple-layer photobioreactor for attached cultivation (adapted from Liu et al. [22]). (B) The schematic diagram and the actual photograph for the single-layer photobioreactor for attached cultivation used in the research.Back to article page