Fig. 1

Scheme of the engineered metabolic pathway for the production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol in C. glutamicum. Reactions are represented by arrows (preferred direction and cofactors), while dashed lines indicate multiple reaction steps. Genes coding for relevant enzymes are depicted next to the arrows: cg1497, predicted kinase related to dihydroxyacetone kinase; hdpA, dihydroxyacetone phosphate phosphatase (HdpA); fucO, propanediol oxidoreductase/lactaldehyde reductase (FucO); gldA, glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA); ldh, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA); mgsA, methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA); ppdABC, diol dehydratase (PpdABC); yqhD, aldehyde reductase (YqhD). Abbreviations: ADP adenosine diphosphate, ATP adenosine triphosphate, DHA dihydroxyacetone, DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate, GAP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, PPP pentose phosphate pathway, TCA citric acid cycle, Vit. B ₁₂ vitamin B₁₂