Table 2 Comparison of ABE fermentations by C. acetobutylicum ATCC55025 without/with pervaporation

Initial glucose, g/L

80.0 ± 1.5

80.0 ± 1.1

Consumed glucose, g/L

70.5 ± 2.0

172.3 ± 1.6

Residual glucose, g/L

9.5 ± 0.5

10.0 ± 0.5

Maximum OD

3.90

5.50

Fermentation time, h

52

120

Acetone, g/L

6.0 ± 0.1

17.0 ± 0.6

Butanol, g/L

12.8 ± 0.9

34.5 ± 1.5

Ethanol, g/L

1.9 ± 0.2

3.4 ± 0.2

Total ABE, g/L

20.7 ± 1.2

54.9 ± 1.5

Butanol yield, g/g

0.18 ± 0.02

0.20 ± 0.01

ABE yield, g/g

0.29 ± 0.03

0.32 ± 0.01

Butanol productivity, g/L h

0.25 ± 0.02

0.29 ± 0.02

ABE productivity, g/L h

0.40 ± 0.02

0.46 ± 0.02

Acetic acid, g/L

3.6 ± 0.2

2.7 ± 0.1

Butyric acid, g/L

3.1 ± 0.2

3.2 ± 0.1

Total acids, g/L

6.7 ± 0.4

5.9 ± 0.2