Table 1 Composition of hydrolysates (mg per gram sample, mg g−1) after the microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment
Temp. (°C) | Time (min) | pH | Glucose | Xylose | Arabinose | FA | AA | FF | HMF | Oligosaccharide (DP ≤ 6) | EPH | Xylose content | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | ||||||||||||
120 | 0 | 5.63 | 3.14 | 3.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.23 |
120 | 30 | 5.29 | 3.12 | 3.51 | 1.07 | 0.00 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.51 |
120 | 60 | 5.25 | 3.01 | 3.52 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 2.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.52 |
120 | 90 | 5.23 | 2.96 | 3.54 | 2.85 | 0.30 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 21.60 | 8.82 |
120 | 120 | 5.23 | 2.93 | 3.58 | 3.64 | 0.33 | 3.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.17 | 2.20 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 22.90 | 21.82 |
140 | 0 | 4.63 | 2.96 | 3.29 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 1.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.25 |
140 | 30 | 4.21 | 2.79 | 3.77 | 5.31 | 0.28 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.11 | 0.28 | 0.52 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 76.90 | 18.62 |
140 | 60 | 4.04 | 2.78 | 6.91 | 7.24 | 0.51 | 6.92 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 3.07 | 2.79 | 2.23 | 3.31 | 1.06 | 118.00 | 53.24 |
140 | 90 | 3.88 | 2.66 | 10.30 | 8.23 | 0.64 | 8.54 | 1.56 | 0.00 | 6.07 | 6.11 | 4.40 | 2.30 | 2.29 | 90.20 | 83.62 |
140 | 120 | 3.85 | 1.46 | 11.87 | 8.97 | 0.67 | 9.92 | 1.59 | 0.00 | 8.87 | 9.35 | 7.02 | 4.60 | 3.02 | 72.90 | 126.85 |
160 | 0 | 4.38 | 1.75 | 3.42 | 3.75 | 0.25 | 2.57 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 55.60 | 8.73 |
160 | 30 | 3.70 | 1.04 | 18.45 | 9.72 | 0.93 | 8.02 | 2.73 | 0.00 | 14.30 | 13.05 | 13.75 | 3.53 | 3.76 | 39.00 | 181.38 |
160 | 60 | 3.58 | 2.04 | 59.21 | 6.89 | 1.53 | 18.30 | 11.60 | 1.14 | 14.69 | 22.29 | 15.56 | 7.78 | 3.16 | 0.00 | 272.06 |
160 | 90 | 3.44 | 2.81 | 99.94 | 6.45 | 2.13 | 24.77 | 26.43 | 1.71 | 5.72 | 19.72 | 5.86 | 3.47 | 2.87 | 0.00 | 228.54 |
160 | 120 | 3.40 | 7.40 | 81.00 | 6.43 | 4.61 | 33.20 | 30.80 | 1.80 | 4.95 | 3.22 | 2.08 | 3.83 | 2.99 | 0.00 | 146.00 |
180 | 0 | 3.91 | 1.79 | 11.23 | 6.44 | 0.55 | 7.01 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 5.13 | 5.44 | 3.95 | 0.47 | 1.18 | 114.00 | 66.82 |
180 | 5 | 3.82 | 1.60 | 19.15 | 7.28 | 0.62 | 9.99 | 3.18 | 0.00 | 13.38 | 13.40 | 8.20 | 5.88 | 3.69 | 72.10 | 170.44 |
180 | 10 | 3.65 | 2.06 | 22.51 | 12.91 | 1.72 | 12.89 | 4.35 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 17.52 | 16.23 | 7.18 | 4.38 | 28.40 | 234.19 |
180 | 15 | 3.64 | 2.19 | 31.07 | 13.27 | 1.95 | 14.08 | 7.05 | 1.80 | 20.89 | 19.04 | 16.78 | 7.25 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 251.96 |
180 | 30 | 3.62 | 7.39 | 65.78 | 4.51 | 4.40 | 29.64 | 27.28 | 2.36 | 5.96 | 19.21 | 4.72 | 8.84 | 2.27 | 0.00 | 211.97 |