From: Bioethanol from poplar clone Imola: an environmentally viable alternative to fossil fuel?
 | Application rate (kg agrochemical or m3 water) | Agricultural machinery | Energy inputs (MJ diesel for field operations or MJ electricity for irrigation)c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VSRC | SRC | VSRC | SRC | VSRC | SRC | |
Ploughing | NA | NA | Tractor (95Â kW), three-furrow plough | 1.05E+01 | 1.12E+01 | |
Harrowing | NA | NA | Tractor (70Â kW), harrow | 5.04E+00 | 5.36E+00 | |
Planting | NA | NA | Tractor (60Â kW) | 2.29E+00 | 9.75E+00 | |
Drill | Rotary machine | |||||
Mechanical weed control | NA | NA | Tractor (44Â kW), rotary machine | 3.11E+01 | 3.40E+01 | |
Herbicide | 3.52E−01 | 9.39E−02 | Tractor (60 kW), sprinkling machine | 1.30E+01 | 9.51E+00 | |
Pesticide | 1.31E−01 | 3.83E−02 | Tractor (70 kW), sprinkling machine | |||
N fertilizer | 3.33 | 3.06 | Tractor, spraying machine assumed for mechanical applicationa | 8.02E+00 | 7.37E+00 | |
Irrigation system installation | NA | NA | Excavator (12.41 kW) | 6.69E−01 | 5.53E−01 | |
Irrigation | 2.37E+02 | 1.86E+02 | Pumpb | 2.60E+02 | 2.14E+02 | |
Harvesting | NA | NA | Harvester 250Â kW | 8.25E+01 | 8.25E+01 | 1.05E+02 |