Bioethanol from poplar clone Imola: an environmentally viable alternative to fossil fuel?

Table 5 Soil profiles for Imola plantation at Casale Monferrato

Depth (cm)	Total N (%)	Organic C (%)	C/N	pH (H₂O)	pH (KCl)	Sand (g kg⁻¹)	Silt (g kg⁻¹)	Clay (g kg⁻¹)	Textural class	Bulk density (g cm⁻³⁾	Total porosity (% vol)	Field capacity (% vol)	Wilting point (% vol)	Hydro conductivity (cm h⁻¹⁾
Soil type a—Calcaric Regosol (Epiloamic, Endoarenic)^a
0–15	0.07	0.69	10.0	7.8	7.3	580	365	55	Sandy loam	1.33	49	16.9	4.7	4.3–5.2
15–34	0.08	0.83	9.8	7.9	7.2	570	385	45	Sandy loam	1.32	50	16.9	4.3	4.3–5.2
34–55	0.05	0.56	10.2	7.8	7.3	540	400	60	Sandy loam	1.33	49	7.6	4.5	4.3–5.2
55–104	0.02	0.25	11.2	8.2	7.6	779	194	27	Loamy sand	1.37	48	9.6	1.7	8.0–29.0
Soil type b—Calcaric Endoskeletic Regosol (Epiloamic, Endoarenic)^a
0–18	0.07	0.72	10.6	7.8	7.4	475	475	50	Sandy loam	1.30	50	18.9	4.2	4.2–4.5
18–60	0.07	0.75	10.3	7.9	7.3	510	435	55	Sandy loam	1.27	52	18.7	4.8	4.2–4.5
60–75	0.02	0.22	10.1	8.2	7.7	881	89	30	Sandy	1.38	48	7.4	1.5	10.0–219.0
75–100	0.00	0.06	–	8.2	8.1	982	10	8	Sandy	1.47	44	5.9	0.5	10.0–219.0
Weighted average topsoil profile for SCR^b
0–15	0.07	0.71	10.4	7.8	7.37	510	438	52	Sandy loam	1.31	49.67	18.23	4.37	4.23–4.73
Weighted average topsoil profile for VSCR^b
0–15	0.07	0.71	10.3	7.8	7.35	528	420	52	Sandy loam	1.32	49.50	17.90	4.45	4.25–4.85

^aBased on soil classification by World Reference Base for Soil Resources [53]
^b33.3 % soil a and 66.7 % soil b present in SRC plantation; 50 % soil a and 50 % soil b are present in VSRC plantation

ISSN: 2731-3654