Table 3 Effect of ultrasonic intensification on in situ transesterification of various microbial biomasses
From: Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields
Source | Catalyst | Process parameters | Biodiesel yield (%) | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solvent: biomass ratio (v/w) | Frequency (kHz) | Temperature (°C) | Time | ||||
Chlorella vulgaris | KF/CaO | 8:1 | 40 | 60 | 45Â min | 63.49 | [73] |
Enteromorpha compressa (macroalgae) | H2SO4 | 5.5:1 | 40 | 70 | 90Â min | 98.89 | [74] |
Chlorella sp. | H2SO4 | 79:1 | 24 | 60 | 8Â h | 99.9 | [75] |
Trichosporon oleaginosus (Yeast) | NaOH | 60:1 | 20 | 25 | 12Â h | 92.1 | [72] |
Scenedesmus sp. | Tungstated zirconia (WO3/ZrO2) | 60:1 | 22.5 | 50 | 20Â min | 71.37 | [76] |