Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields

Table 4 Effect of ultrasonic intensification on fermentative bioenergy

Biomass	Inoculum	Ultrasonic extraction conditions			Ethanol/hydrogen yield	References
Biomass	Inoculum	Frequency (kHz)	Power (W)	Temperature (°C)	Ethanol/hydrogen yield	References
Parthenium hysterophorus	Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 170	35	35	30 ± 2	Ethanol: 0.85 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹	[37]
Waste paper	Klebsiella oxytoca	36	150	–	Ethanol: 0.38 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹	[84]
Oil palm fronds	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	37	20	75	Ethanol: 3.64 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹	[85]
Corn meal	Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Ellipsoideus	40	–	60	Ethanol: 3.02 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹	[86]
Chlorella vulgaris	Anaerobic digested sludge	20	150	78	Hydrogen: 31.9–37.9 mL g⁻¹ dry cell weight	[87]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	Thermotoga neapolitana	–	130	–	860 mL mL⁻¹ culture	[88]

ISSN: 2731-3654