Fig. 5

Enhancing proline synthesis improves strain tolerance to FAP. a The schematic of overexpressing PRO1 to increase proline synthesis. b The effect of PRO1 overexpression on the relative abundance of proline under FAP stress. c The effect of PRO1 overexpression on the growth behaviors under FAP stress. d The effect of PRO1 overexpression on the glucose consumption and ethanol production under FAP stress. The strain BY4742/pRS426 and recombinant strain BY4742/PRO1 were cultivated in SC-Ura medium in the presence of 0.8 g/L furfural, 3.0 g/L acetic acid and 0.3 g/L phenol. Results are the mean of duplicate experiments and error bars indicate SD