Fig. 6

The proline synthesis affects the intracellular ROS level under FAP stress. a The effect of deleting genes involved in proline synthesis on intracellular ROS level. The strain BY4742, ΔPRO1 and ΔPRO2 were cultivated in YPD medium in the presence and absence of 1.0 g/L furfural, 4.0 g/L acetic acid and 0.4 g/L phenol. b The effect of PRO1 overexpression on intracellular ROS level. The strain BY4742/pRS426 and strain BY4742/PRO1 were cultivated in SC-Ura medium in the presence of 0.8 g/L furfural, 3.0 g/L acetic acid and 0.3 g/L phenol. Relative fluorescence unit (RFU) per OD₆₀₀ of cells was measured both in the absence and presence of combined inhibitors. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4)