Fig. 1

Inhibition of performance for Z. mobilis strain ZM4 by selective phenolic aldehydes. a Cell growth as measured by optical density at 600 nm (OD_600nm); b glucose consumption; c ethanol fermentation; d degradation of phenolic aldehydes; e formation of phenolic alcohols in RM medium separately amended with 5 mM of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde, and vanillin