Table 2 Comparison of fed-batch fermentations by K. oxytoca M1 and K. oxytoca M3 using pure and crude glycerol

Glycerol consumption (g/L)

189.5

177.7

297.1

300.3

Dry cell weight (g/L)

4.1

6.1

5.8

9.0

2,3-BDO (g/L)

59.4

73.8

115.0

131.5

1,3-PDO (g/L)

8.9

3.7

6.9

0

Lactic acid (g/L)

18.6

9.8

0.7

0.8

Ethanol (g/L)

4.0

1.9

9.3

1.7

2,3-BDO productivity (g/L/h)

0.52

0.68

1.01

0.84

2,3-BDO yield (g/g)

0.31

0.42

0.39

0.44

Fermentation time (h)

114

109

114

156