Table 2 Butanol production with C. pasteurianum CH4 through batch fermentation using non-VMD-integrated and VMD-integrated processes with and without butyrate addition
Fermentation conditions | Butanol concentration (g L−1) | Glycerol conversion (%) | Average butanol production rate (g L−1 h−1) | Butanol yield (mol butanol/mol glycerol) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-VMD-integrated fermentation | Without butyrate addition | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 63.4 ± 2.1 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
With butyrate addition | 12.1 ± 0.6 | 46.4 ± 0.5 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | |
VMD-integrated fermentation | Without butyrate addition | 17.1 ± 0.3 | 96.5 ± 1.8 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.02 |
With butyrate addition | 29.8 ± 1.2 | 96.8 ± 0.9 | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | |