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Table 1 Effects of ozone treatment on inhibitory compounds in spruce pretreatment liquid

From: Ozone detoxification of steam-pretreated Norway spruce

Compounds

Untreated

0.5 g

1.5 g

2.5 g

3.5 g

Phenolics

32.2

21.7

17.1

17.1

16.4

Acetic acid

111

112

111

112

113

Formic acid

17.9

21.8

29.1

32.1

37.5

Levulinic acid

9.3

9.3

9.2

9.3

9.4

Total acids

222

251

285

305

326

Furfural

24.5

21.6

16.3

10.3

6.5

HMF

16.4

14.8

11.9

8.4

5.6

  1. The table shows the concentrations of common inhibitors and groups of inhibitors in spruce hydrolysate (mM) before and after treatment with different ozone dosages