From: Ozone detoxification of steam-pretreated Norway spruce
Compounds | Untreated | 0.5 g | 1.5 g | 2.5 g | 3.5 g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenolics | 32.2 | 21.7 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 16.4 |
Acetic acid | 111 | 112 | 111 | 112 | 113 |
Formic acid | 17.9 | 21.8 | 29.1 | 32.1 | 37.5 |
Levulinic acid | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 |
Total acids | 222 | 251 | 285 | 305 | 326 |
Furfural | 24.5 | 21.6 | 16.3 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
HMF | 16.4 | 14.8 | 11.9 | 8.4 | 5.6 |