Extracellular electron transfer from cathode to microbes: application for biofuel production

Choi, Okkyoung; Sang, Byoung-In

doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0426-0

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Table 1 The application of bioelectrochemical reduction

From: Extracellular electron transfer from cathode to microbes: application for biofuel production

Application	Product	Reaction conditions	Key outcomes	Ref.
Direct reduction	Cr⁶⁺ → Cr³⁺	G. sulfurreducens, −600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	U(VI) was removed and recovered using poised electrode	[19]
	Cr⁶⁺ → Cr³⁺	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, −500 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Lactate and the electrode as the electron donors for Cr(VI) reduction	[18]
	Fumarate → succinate	G. sulfurreducens, −500 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Fumarate reduction dependent on current supply	[48]
	Fumarate → succinate	Shewanella species in biocathode of microbial fuel cell	Similar comparison under chromate reducing condition	[102]
	Nitrate reduction	Nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms at +197 mV vs. SHE	Simultaneous occurrence of nitrification and denitrification at a biocathode	[49]
	Nitrate reduction	Denitrifying microorganisms at −123 mV vs. SHE	Long-term stability, carbon-free operation	[51]
Indirect reduction	Caproate and caprylate production from acetate	Acetate fed at −0.9 V vs. NHE	In situ-produced hydrogen as electron donor, low concentration and reaction rates	[90]
	Ethanol production from acetate	−550 mV vs. NHE, artificial mediator tested	Methyl viologen increased ethanol production but inhibited butyrate and methane formation, still hydrogen was coproduced at the cathode	[81]
	Alcohol formation from glycerol	Open circuit operation	Changes in microbial community and product outcomes after current supply	[87]
	Reduction of acetate and butyrate to mainly alcohols and acetone	−820 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Halotolerant mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria culture	[92]
	Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from glucose	512 mV, the biocathode coupled to a bioanode in an MEC	Microaerophilic microenvironment at cathode enhanced PHA synthesis as alternative pathway to re-oxidize the NADH	[94]
	Butyraldehyde to butanol	Immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase at −400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Reduction to alcohol by current without supplement of NADH	[88]
	Hydrogen production	−700 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Increased cathodic hydrogen efficiency on microbial biocathode based on a naturally selected mixed culture	[103]
		500 mV, the biocathode coupled to a bioanode in an MEC	Operated for a long period with high current density but phosphate precipitation on the biocathode	[104]
		−700 mV vs. SHE	Desulfovibrio sp. as a dominant microorganism in the biocathode	[22]
	Methane production	−700 mV vs. Ag/AgCl	Methane production directly from current	[53]
	Methane production	−550 mV vs. NHE	CO₂ reduction to CH₄, need to reduce the internal resistance	[105]
	Improved 1,3-propandiol production from glycerol	−900 mV vs. SHE	Electrical current as the driving force for a mixed population fermenting glycerol in the cathode	[93]
	Improved butanol production from glucose	+0.045 V vs. SHE	Increased alcohol production in electrofermentation with increased a ratio NADH/NAD⁺	[24]
Electrofuel from CO₂ and electricity	Butyrate	−800 mV vs. SHE	Production of organic compounds from CO₂ by hydrogen driven by a cathode	[100]
	Acetate	−590 mV vs. SHE	Higher acetate production than on unmodified graphite	[99]
	Acetate, 2-oxobutyrate	−400 mV vs. SHE	The production of organic acids by current consumption	[106]

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