Fig. 4

Optimization of electrotransformation conditions. Influence of various voltages and cell growth state presented by OD600 (used conditions: 0.2Â cm gap electroporation cuvette, time constant 11Â ms) on transformation efficiency (a); influence of different time constants (conditions used: 0.2Â cm gap electroporation cuvette, voltage 1 000Â V) on transformation efficiency (b); influence of square-wave pulse delivery (c)