Table 3 Comparative energy and cost analysis of different microalgae harvesting technologies

Microbial induced flocculation

Pleurochrysis carterae

0.45 × 10⁻³

0.24

[36]

Centrifugation

Scenedesmus, Coelastrum proboscideum

0.3–8

1.44–18

[55]

Flotation with vacuum gas lift

Not precised

0.8–1.69

0.022–0.44

[39]

Filtration with vacuum filter

Scenedesmus, Chlorella proboscideum

0.1–5.9

0.96–9

[55]

Electro-flocculation

Tetraselmis sp.

0.092

0.19

[44]

Flocculation with Tanfloc

Scenedesmus sp.

ND^a

1.10

[38]

Flocculation with Zetag 7650 and Al₂(SO₄)₃

Tetraselmis suecica

14.81

~1.8

[56]

Filtration with pressure filters

Chlorella proboscideum

0.5–0.88

0.8–2.2

[55]

Flocculation with chitosan

Scenedesmus sp.

ND

10.00

[38]

Tangential flow filtration (TFF)

Tetraselmis suecica

2.06

~0.26

[56]