Switchgrass SBP-box transcription factors PvSPL1 and 2 function redundantly to initiate side tillers and affect biomass yield of energy crop

Table 1 Morphological characterization of PvSPL2SRDX-overexpressing transgenic switchgrass plants

	Plant height (cm)	Internode length (cm)	Internode diameter (mm)	Internode number	Leaf blade length (cm)	Leaf blade width (cm)	Flowering time (day)
Control plants	136.7 ± 5.7	17.9 ± 0.8	2.31 ± 0.19	4–5	30.1 ± 3.3	0.79 ± 0.07	108 ± 4
TPvSPL2SRDX1	130.1 ± 4.4	18.8 ± 0.5	2.07 ± 0.33	4–5	28.3 ± 1.3	0.64 ± 0.10	107 ± 6
TPvSPL2SRDX2	137.9 ± 6.1	19.3 ± 2.0	1.93 ± 0.47	4–5	34.7 ± 3.7	0.74 ± 0.09	99 ± 2
TPvSPL2SRDX3	132.8 ± 7.3	17.1 ± 1.3	2.27 ± 0.09	4–5	37.2 ± 4.0	0.82 ± 0.13	100 ± 5
TPvSPL2SRDX4	83.2 ± 4.7*	13.6 ± 0.7*	2.43 ± 0.27	4–5	20.3 ± 1.7*	0.87 ± 0.17	106 ± 4
TPvSPL2SRDX5	78.7 ± 5.8*	11.7 ± 1.1*	2.70 ± 0.37	4–5	21.2 ± 1.5*	0.81 ± 0.07	103 ± 3
TPvSPL2SRDX6	81.5 ± 6.9*	12.9 ± 1.5*	2.38 ± 0.13	4–5	19.0 ± 2.3*	0.84 ± 0.05	107 ± 2

Plant height of switchgrass was measured after 4-month growth in the greenhouse. The 4-month-old tillers were used to measure internode length (internode 3), internode diameter (internode 3), internode number, and leaf blade length and width. Five tillers were measured for each replicate. Control plants were produced with pANIC6B empty vector from the same batch of experiment. Values are mean ± SE (n = 3)
* Significance corresponding to P < 0.05 (One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test)

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