Skip to main content

Table 2 Carbon balance from fermentation of 60 g/L cellulose (345 mM glucose equivalents)

From: Simultaneous achievement of high ethanol yield and titer in Clostridium thermocellum

Compound

mM

% C3 (pyruvate)a

Ethanol

520.9

75.5

Ex amino acid carbonb

208.2

10.1

Biomass carbon

148.3

7.2

Ex protein carbonc

50.8

2.1

Acetate

11.9

1.7

Ex sugard

10.4

1.5

Isobutanol

3.5

1.0

Malate

3.0

0.4

Lactate

2.0

0.3

Glucose

0.6

0.1

Total

 

99.8

  1. aTo facilitate comparison, carbon-containing compounds were expressed in terms of C3 equivalents. For example, one C3 equivalent (i.e., pyruvate) is required to produce one ethanol
  2. bEx amino acid carbon; amount of carbon in extracellular free amino acids
  3. cEx protein carbon; amount of carbon in extracellular (secreted) protein
  4. dEx sugar; extracellular sugar, including all the soluble glucan and xylan