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Table 2 Yield and chemical composition of brown and red strains from K. alvarezii before and after treatment with 6 % (w/v) KOH and subsequently extracted with hot water (carrageenan and residue production)

From: Chemical analysis and biorefinery of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii for efficient production of glucose from residue of carrageenan extraction process

Samples

Strain

Yield of sample (g/100 g of material) (%)

Galactan (%)

Glucan (%)

Ashes (%)

Proteins (%)

Insoluble aromatics (%)

Sulfate groups (%)

Components of samples (% on pulp basic)

Untreated

Brown

100

33.0 ± 0.4

12.7 ± 0.5

14.6 ± 0.1

3.8 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.1

9.6 ± 0.2

Treated with KOH

89.3 ± 0.9

32.4 ± 0.8

13.5 ± 0.6

21.7 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.2

10.4 ± 0.3

Residue

23.0 ± 0.5

7.2 ± 0.3

54.6 ± 0.4

14.9 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

3.9 ± 0.1

8.4 ± 0.1

Carrageenan

63.5 ± 0.6

42.6 ± 0.9

nd

24.2 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

13.3 ± 0.2

Untreated

Red

100

31.3 ± 0.8

13.5 ± 0.1

16.0 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.2

10.1 ± 0.3

Treated with KOH

89.5 ± 0.5

35.6 ± 1.2

14.1 ± 0.7

21.6 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.2

10.6 ± 0.5

Residue

27.8 ± 1.2

9.7 ± 0.2

50.2 ± 1.2

10.1 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

3.2 ± 0.5

8.7 ± 0.1

Carrageenan

60.0 ± 1.5

46.6 ± 1.1

nd

28.5 ± 0.3

0.3 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.3

14.0 ± 0.3

Commercial carrageenan

–

–

32.5 ± 0.8

0.4 ± 0.1

34.8 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.1

12.8 ± 0.1

Components of samples (% of original material)

Untreated

Brown

100

33.0 ± 0.4

12.7 ± 0.5

14.6 ± 0.1

3.8 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.1

9.6 ± 0.2

Treated with KOH

89.3 ± 0.9

28.9 ± 0.8

12.0 ± 0.6

19.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.2

9.3 ± 0.3

Residue

23.0 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.3

12.6 ± 0.4

3.4 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.1

Carrageenan

63.5 ± 0.6

27.0 ± 0.9

nd

15.4 ± 0.1

0.2 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

8.4 ± 0.2

Untreated

Red

100

31.3 ± 0.8

13.5 ± 0.1

16.6 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.2

10.1 ± 0.3

Treated with KOH

89.5 ± 0.5

31.8 ± 1.2

12.6 ± 0.7

19.3 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.2

9.5 ± 0.5

Residue

27.8 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 0.2

13.9 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.1

Carrageenan

60.0 ± 1.5

28.0 ± 1.1

nd

17.1 ± 0.3

0.2 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.3

8.4 ± 0.3

  1. Contents present in percentage (g/100 g of basic and original material in dry basis)
  2. Cultivation for May 2013, commercial carrageenan = Sigma and nd = not detected. All reported data are the average values followed by their standard deviations. Pulp basic (data representing the biomass without considering a mass balance) and original material (data corrected considering the yield of the process, i.e., performing a mass balance)
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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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