Fig. 5

Latency phase of engineered strains and CEN.PK113-7D upon inoculation of non-adapted cells in media containing acetic acid. After pre-cultivation in SMG without acetic acid (pH 6.0), cells were inoculated in 96-well plates containing SMG with acetic acid (pH 4.5, 5–9 g/L acetic acid) at an initial OD₆₆₀ of 0.1. Sealed plates were incubated at 30 °C and at 400 rpm, and the OD₆₆₀ was recorded every 15 min. For each acetic acid concentration, length of the latency phase was defined as the time required to reach an OD₆₆₀ of 0.12. Data points represent average and standard deviation of two to eight replicates. Wells that did not show growth after 5 days (OD₆₆₀ <0.12) were eliminated from the analysis (15 out of 312 for the reverse engineered strains and 44 out of 156 for CEN.PK113-7D). a Engineered strains expressing ASG1 and ADH3 alleles from MUT1A. b Engineered strains expressing ASG1, ADH3 and SKS1 alleles from MUT2B. c Engineered strain expressing the GIS4 allele from MUT3E. d Engineered strain expressing the ASG1 allele from HAT1E. e Engineered strains expressing ASG1, ADH3 and SKS1 alleles from HAT2A. f Engineered strains expressing the GIS4 allele from UV-E3