Fig. 6

Acetic acid tolerance of engineered S. cerevisiae strains and CEN.PK113-7D upon transfer of non-adapted cells to acetic acid-containing media. Reverse engineered strains containing mutated alleles from evolved and/or mutagenized strains MUT2B, HAT2A and UV-E3 were pre-grown in SMG without acetic acid (pH 6.0), and inoculated at an initial OD₆₆₀ of 0.1 in 96-well plates containing SMG with 9–15 g/L acetic acid (pH 4.5). Final OD₆₆₀ values were recorded after 5 days of incubation. Data points represent average and standard deviation of 16 replicate wells for engineered strains and of 32 replicate wells for the reference strain S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D. a Engineered strains expressing ASG1, ADH3 and SKS1 alleles from MUT2B. b Engineered strains expressing ASG1, ADH3 and SKS1 alleles from HAT2A. c Engineered strain expressing the GIS4 allele from UV-E3