Fig. 1

Schematic representation of bioethanol production using lignocellulosic biomass residues. Bottom, flowchart representing the main steps in the chemical/physical and enzymatic production of bioethanol. Top, close-up of the multi-enzymatic hydrolysis step, showing the xylan structure as composed mainly of 1,4-β-linked xylose residues and the various enzymes implicated in its degradation. Ac acetyl group; pcou p-coumaric acid; fer ferulic acid