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Table 2 Concentrations of inhibitory compounds at the start and finish of pine fermentations

From: Phenotypic characterization and comparative transcriptomics of evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance to lignocellulosic derived inhibitors

Compound

Inoculaa

Initialb

Finalb

Changeb

Percent change (%)

Decreasing compounds

 Hydroxymethylfurfural

P

1150.00

120.00

−1030.00

−89.6

N

1370.00

930.00

−440.00

−32.1

 Furfural

P

910.00

280.00

−630.00

−69.2

N

1130.00

900.00

−230.00

−20.4

 Vanillin

P

21.90

1.24

−20.67

−94.3

N

27.47

13.82

−13.65

−49.7

 Lactic acid

P

327.00

176.93

−150.07

−45.9

N

343.33

209.33

−134.00

−39.0

 Benzoic acid

P

44.03

34.83

−9.20

−20.9

N

42.80

31.33

−11.47

−26.8

 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

P

3.72

0.27

−3.46

−92.7

N

4.21

2.08

−2.13

−50.6

 Maleic acid

P

8.13

6.48

−1.66

−20.3

N

8.27

1.43

−6.84

−82.7

 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

P

3.01

2.09

−0.93

−30.6

N

3.07

3.04

−0.03

−1.0

 Itaconic acid

P

1.77

1.59

−0.18

−10.2

N

1.67

1.38

−0.29

−17.4

Increasing compounds

 Succinic acid

P

53.73

184.33

+130.60

243.1

N

59.10

131.60

+72.50

122.7

 Vanillic acid

P

30.93

57.10

+26.17

84.6

N

27.35

42.10

+14.75

53.9

 Levulinic acid

P

497.00

545.00

+48.00

9.7

N

408.00

596.00

+188.00

46.1

 2-Furoic acid

P

24.20

45.05

+20.85

86.2

N

21.70

43.83

+22.13

102.0

 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid

P

8.48

14.03

+5.56

65.4

N

4.10

7.38

+3.28

80.0

 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

P

2.79

4.35

+1.56

55.9

N

2.37

4.33

+1.96

82.7

 Glutaric acid

P

2.75

4.10

+1.35

49.1

N

2.52

3.67

+1.15

45.6

 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

P

0.14

0.48

+0.35

242.9

N

0.07

0.18

+0.11

157.1

 Syringic acid

P

3.55

3.86

+0.31

8.7

N

3.09

3.13

+0.04

1.3

 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

P

3.51

3.55

+0.04

1.1

N

2.11

3.01

+0.89

42.7

Varying fluctuations

 cis-Aconitic acid

P

2.46

5.14

+2.68

108.9

N

2.51

0.91

−1.60

−63.7

 trans-Aconitic acid

P

2.49

3.04

+0.55

22.1

N

1.40

1.03

−0.37

−26.4

 o-Toluic acid

P

59.53

46.97

−12.57

−21.1

N

50.15

57.45

+7.30

14.6

 Fumaric acid

P

3.48

1.65

−1.84

−52.6

N

2.43

2.68

+0.25

10.3

 Homovanillic acid

P

4.32

4.01

−0.32

−7.2

N

4.04

5.31

+1.27

31.4

 Malonic acid

P

2.38

0.86

−1.52

−63.9

N

2.29

3.70

+1.41

61.6

  1. aP represents average of performing inocula, N nonperforming b mg/L